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东西问丨短评：为何说人权思想在中国源远流长？******
中新社北京1月2日电 题：为何说人权思想在中国源远流长？
中新社记者 安英昭
19世纪，经历过纷飞战火的列夫·托尔斯泰写下名言，“幸福的家庭都是相似的，不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。”时移世易，人类对于幸福的向往仍是相似的，各国通向幸福的道路却各具特色。
作为14亿人口的泱泱大国，中国何以在短短几十年间摆脱绝对贫困，实现人权事业不断进步？五集大型电视政论片《新时代中国人权》向世界展示了中国人的“幸福密码”。
通过保障所有人的人权，保障各民族的平等权利，优先保障生存权、发展权等，中国走出了一条顺应时代潮流、适合本国国情的人权发展道路。在当代中国人权保障不断进步的背后，积淀着中华文明深处对人的关怀，回望5000多年文明史可知，人权思想在中国源远流长。
2006年，首届“中国人权展”在北京举办。中新社记者 廖攀 摄先秦时期，道家讲“圣人无常心，以百姓心为心”，儒家言“古之为政，爱人为大”，墨家倡“视人之国若视其国，视人之家若视其家”。东汉佛教传入，逐渐演化出“无缘大慈、同体大悲”思想。及至唐宋，朱熹进一步提出“国以民为本，社稷亦为民而立”，张载名言“为天地立心，为生民立命”更成为千年来中国无数有识之士的毕生追求。明末清初，黄宗羲在《明夷待访录》中发出“天下为主君为客”的呼吁，这一堪称中国版“人权宣言”的文献，较卢梭《民约论》更早百年；1948年，在中国代表张彭春的建议下，《世界人权宣言》融入良心、仁爱、忠恕、包容等中华传统思想，这部人类历史上第一部国际性权利法案由此成为凝结东西方文明智慧的经典。
近一百年前，胡适在《我们走那条路？》中提出，中国“要铲除打倒的是贫穷、疾病、愚昧、贪污、扰乱五大仇敌”。此后，如何战胜这“五大仇敌”成为贯穿中国走向现代化的一道难题，同时也是检验中国人权发展的参考系。
如《新时代中国人权》片中所述，中国共产党自成立之日起就高举起“争民主、争人权”的旗帜，鲜明宣示了救国救民、争取人权的主张。在新民主主义革命时期、社会主义革命和建设时期、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，中共牢牢把握为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴的初心使命，促使中国人民的生存权、发展权和其他各项基本权利保障不断向前推进。在此过程中，中共把马克思主义人权观同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，在总结中国人民尊重和保障人权的成功经验的同时，借鉴人类优秀文明成果，形成了尊重人权、保障人权、发展人权的中国特色，丰富了人类人权文明新形态。
资料图：广西少数民族联欢。俞靖 摄据联合国开发计划署(UNDP)统计数据显示，中国人类发展指数(HDI)从1990年的0.501跃升至2018年的0.758，增长逾50%，标志着中国成为自1990年UNDP在全球首次测算HDI以来，唯一从“低人类发展水平”跃升到“高人类发展水平”的国家。
另一个生动案例是，新中国成立前，生活在云南深山的独龙族还过着结绳记事、刀耕火种的原始社会生活，每逢大雪封山便成为与世隔绝的孤岛。随着脱贫攻坚力度不断加大，6.68公里的特长隧道穿越高黎贡山，使天堑变通途，独龙族宣告整族脱贫。在中国人权事业的不断发展中，“一跃千年”的奇迹已从想象照进现实。
回看胡适当年的困惑，不难发现，今日之中国已找到那条正确的路。“人权保障没有最好，只有更好”，沿着这条道路前进，中国的人权事业将继续发展，也将为丰富人类文明多样性、推进世界人权事业发展作出新贡献。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。  资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。 因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。 日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence. 
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